Vietnam

The climate of these regions is tropical with a distinct wet and dry season; ideal for coffee production. Average annual rainfall ranges from 1,800 to 2,500 mm, and temperatures are moderate, between 18°C and 26°C, allowing for consistent yields. The red basaltic soils (volcanic origin) are rich in nutrients and retain moisture well, contributing to high productivity.

Vietnam’s coffee economy is primarily built on Robusta (Coffea canephora), which represents about 93–95% of total output, while Arabica (grown mainly in Lâm Đồng province around Da Lat) makes up 5–7%. Robusta thrives at lower altitudes (400–800 m) and is well-suited to Vietnam’s warm climate, producing beans that are bold, strong, and high in caffeine; widely used in instant coffee and commercial blends. Arabica, cultivated in cooler highlands (1,000–1,500 m), yields milder, aromatic coffees gaining popularity in specialty markets.

Vietnam’s coffee production has averaged 27–30 million 60-kg bags annually in recent years, making it a global powerhouse, second only to Brazil. Coffee exports bring in around US$3–4 billion per year, employing millions of smallholder farmers and forming a cornerstone of rural livelihoods. The government supports the sector through improved processing, replanting programs, and sustainability initiatives under its “Vietnam Sustainable Coffee Plan 2025.”

Economically, coffee is one of Vietnam’s top agricultural exports, contributing significantly to GDP and foreign exchange earnings. The country is also investing in quality enhancement, value addition, and Arabica expansion to diversify its export portfolio. Vietnam’s coffee reputation continues to evolve; from mass Robusta supply toward higher-quality, traceable, and sustainable coffees for the global market.