Southern highlands (Thyolo, Mulanje, Zomba)

 SOUTHERN HIGHLANDS (THYOLO, MULANJE, ZOMBA) 

       The Southern Highlands, including Thyolo, Mulanje, and Zomba, are Malawi's primary coffee-producing region due to their ideal altitudes, rich volcanic soils, and suitable climate. Coffee grown here is predominantly Arabica, known for its high quality, and is characterized by medium acidity, a medium body, and complex flavour notes of fruity and floral undertones with a clean finish. The region's production is a mix of large estates and smallholder farms, supported by initiatives aimed at improving infrastructure, technical assistance, and sustainable practices.

      The highlands provide a combination of altitude from 900 to 2,000 meters and mineral-rich volcanic soils, which are excellent for growing coffee. Arabica is the main coffee variety cultivated, with specific types like Catimor, Geisha, SL28, and Bourbon being common. Malawian coffee from this region is often described as having medium acidity and body, with sweetness and notes of stone fruits, citrus, and chocolate. The washed processing method is predominant, involving the pulping of cherries, fermentation, and thorough washing before drying.

Coffee is grown by both large estates and thousands of smallholder farmers, though production has faced challenges such as competition from more lucrative crops like macadamia. The government, along with organizations like the Coffee Association of Malawi (CAMAL), supports the industry through efforts to improve infrastructure, provide technical assistance, and promote sustainable farming methods. Some large estates have developed significant community support programs, including schools, clean water access, and health clinics, which are also supported by organizations such as the United Nations International Labour Office (UN ILO) .

The industry faces challenges related to poor infrastructure and outdated coffee plants. However, there is potential for growth in both the estate and smallholder sectors.